Application of Artificial Intelligence in Primary Health Care: Scoping review and critical analysis

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare with solutions to complex challenges, improving diagnosis, treatment, and care. However, its integration raises questions about applications, benefits, and challenges. This review aimed to discuss the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to improve management, diagnosis and care in Primary Health Care (PHC). In order to meet this purpose, the Web of Science, Proquest Central, Emerald Management Journals, PubMed, and Scopus/Elsevier databases were used. Study selection involved title screening, abstract review, and full-text examination, adhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines throughout the process. Studies examined ICTs on the potential use of AI-based tools in patient care in PHC (11/34, 32.35%), and on the challenges of using AI in PHC (23/67.65%). The application of AI in PHC highlights the promise of significant improvements, but also the complexity involved in its implementation. The effectiveness of AI in this context is directly linked to an integrated approach that must consider the existing technological infrastructure, which is essential to support data processing demands and the implementation of intelligent systems.